20demayo Page 169
Page 169
257 Carbon monoxide poisoning
Sodium carbonate, commonly known as soda, soda ash, washing soda, chemical formula: na?co?, is white powder under normal circumstances, and is a strong electrolyte.The density is 2.532g/cm3, the melting point is 851c, it is easily soluble in water, and has the property of salt.
Sodium carbonate that exists in nature (such as salt lakes) is called trona.This is currently the main source of sodium carbonate in Qin State.But production is very limited.This is also one of the reasons why glass, textile, chemical and other related industries cannot develop rapidly.
It can be said that the development of sodium carbonate is already showing signs of restricting the development of Qin State Chemicals.
Sodium carbonate is prepared in the laboratory mainly by the reaction of sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide.
The Lublin method as early as 1791, the ancients began to use salt, sulfuric acid, coal, and limestone as raw materials to produce sodium carbonate, which is the Lublin method.This method has insufficient raw material utilization, harsh working conditions, and poor product quality, and is gradually replaced by the Solvay method.
Solvay method, in 1859, the Belgian Solvay used salt, ammonia water and carbon dioxide as raw materials to precipitate sodium bicarbonate from the solution at room temperature, and heated it to decompose it into sodium carbonate. People call this method Soxhlet alkali production method, this method has been used to this day.
Hou Debang method In 1943, the Chinese Hou Debang returned from studying abroad. He improved the Solvay method by combining the two industries of soda ash and synthetic ammonia to produce sodium carbonate and fertilizer ammonium chloride at the same time. In order to understand the utilization rate of table salt, it is Hou's soda making method.
Four methods can be used only the latter two.Solvihar and Holder Baum method.But both require another chemical, ammonia.
Camel dung was such a ubiquitous fuel in the desert that even the holy Zeus had to condescend.Due to the long-term burning of camel dung, the walls and ceiling of the temple of Zeus-Amo were covered with soot.This soot contained some white crystals like salt, and it gave off bursts of pungent smell from time to time.The locals call this white crystal nic (the salt of Amo). In 1774, the British chemist Priestley collected this gas with a pungent smell alone and studied it. He found that the gas was soluble in water and showed alkalinity, so he called it "Alkaline gas".However, this term was not accepted by the chemical community. In the end, people gave it the name "am-monia" (Amonia) from the source of this gas, "the salt of the God of Amo".This is the compound we call 'ammonia' today.
If Shangwen wants to produce ammonia water, he can only use this crystal and calcium hydroxide to heat it.Think bad smells.Shang Wen's stomach felt unappetizing.But do it anyway.But before that, make a "gas mask."
And the crystals can only be collected from feces.It is estimated that some people do not know yet.Saltpeter is nothing in the East, but it is quite frequent in Europe.These are the reasons why Europe developed chemistry, but after they discovered the power of muskets, they developed rapidly.But saltpeter is in short supply.It was later discovered that human and animal excreta contained nitrate, and they were collected in large quantities.Even strictly control human excrement.This can be regarded as a contribution to chemistry.
Human wisdom always finds another way to get one kind of item quickly after it is lacking.
Shangwen needs a lot of activated charcoal.At the same time, people should pay attention to the crystals formed after the excrement is dried.It takes time.
One night, Shangwen went in and out, spending a whole night, and finally only made a few pieces of furniture.Shangwen lay down on the newly made leather sofa in a daze and followed.
Ying Yu slept comfortably until the sun rose high.
Ying Yu stretched her waist greatly, and felt that she had never slept in such a comfortable bed before, and it was really the right time for her to come here.
Ying Yu walked out of the outhouse and found several strange things in the room.
"Hey, hey." Ying Yu woke up Shang Wen with curiosity.
Shangwen stayed up all night, at the time when he was most sleepy, Shangwen closed his eyes and said, "What is it?"
"What are these, why is it so strange? And this one you are sitting on, what is it?" Ying Yu asked repeatedly.
"The sofa, and the rest are all furniture." Shang Wen simply replied.
"Sofa. Sofa. What is a sofa?" Ying Yu asked.
"A high-end chair." Shangwen said impatiently.
"Chair?" Ying Yu asked
"Look for yourself. I'm sleepy." Shang Wen said and turned around.
"Hey. Hey." Ying Yu shouted loudly.
"Hmph." Ying Yu turned around and snorted.He just went to check it out for himself.
And this night, what happened far exceeded Shangwen's imagination.The snow in the north has been falling all night.It snowed a little in the morning.But it didn't stop.The snow accumulated overnight was very thick and high.People can't move their legs.
"Why is it snowing so hard?" Meng Tian started to inspect the camp early in the morning.
"General, many people who went out to stand guard have froze to death." A close guard said.
"What?" Meng Tian asked in surprise.
"It's not good, General. It's not good, General." Tu Sui shouted loudly.
"What happened to General Tu?" Meng Tian immediately regained his composure and asked.
"I don't know what happened, many soldiers died in the huts." Tu Sui said.
"How many?" Meng Tian asked.
"There are already 200 people." Tu Sui said with a heartache.
"What, why are there so many?" Meng Tian asked.
"Hey." Tu Sui still had a distressed expression on his face.These Musketeers are all Tu Sui's treasures.These Musketeers are well-trained and are the first Musketeers in the Great Qin Kingdom.There are so many dead now without fighting.So far, one of them has died here in a daze.
"What's the reason, have you found out the situation?" Meng Tian asked.
Tu Sui shook his head.
"Let's go and have a look." Meng Tian said.
Shack, the severe cold in the north comes early.And unusually cold.The tents brought by Qin Jun could not resist at all.Later, the Qin army saw the Huns and Hu people digging holes on the spot, and then built shacks.I learned it.did not expect.The shack was warmer than a tent, so the method quickly spread.
It was very cold yesterday, and there was a lack of charcoal in the north, but Qin Jun found that the coal from the iron factory can be used for heating, so he used it.In the sealed shack, Qin Jun even made a hole in it for ventilation.
But it was windy yesterday.The wind was still strong.The rapid airflow prevents the airflow in the shack from flowing out, resulting in insufficient coal combustion, producing a large amount of carbon monoxide, which cannot be eliminated, causing the concentration to rise sharply.A large number of Qin soldiers died in a coma.
Unfavorable for 258 days
One after another, Qin Jun's corpses were carried out from the shack.Without exception, they all died of carbon monoxide poisoning.
"Doctor, take a look at what's going on." Meng Tian asked
"Report, General." A guard went out to investigate the situation in other camps and quickly reported.
"General, a large number of soldiers died in other camps, and some soldiers suffered from headaches, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and blurred vision. There are still others." The more the guard said, the less he wanted to say.
"Say." Meng Tian said indifferently.
"The skin is cherry red, and the breathing and pulse speed up. Some are unconscious, and some are unconscious." The guard said slowly.
"Doctor, hurry up and save those soldiers." Meng Tian collapsed.
"Hurry up and check all the shacks. All the intact soldiers immediately set up tents and can't sleep here anymore." Meng Tian ordered loudly.
Qin Jun immediately began to conduct a thorough search of all the shacks.The number of non-combat casualties increased sharply within a day.But other diseases are quietly becoming a hidden danger.If these carbon monoxide poisoning patients are treated in abnormally cold places, they are prone to pneumonia.And this.In ancient times when medicine was underdeveloped, it was not noticed at all.
The flu caused by pneumonia will soon spread to the entire Qin army camp.In addition there was a great deal of frostbite.
"General, the highway leading to Xianyang is covered by heavy snow, and it is temporarily impassable." A guard reported.
"Organize people to dredge immediately." Meng Tian ordered.
"Here," replied the guard.
Meng Tian felt very depressed.It's still snowing.But the situation Qin Jun faced was so bad.Meng Tian was very troubled by this.After returning to his big tent, he immediately reported to King Qin.